Description
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes. This cytokine has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II Ags, and costimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. This cytokine can block NF-kappa B activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the function of this cytokine as an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rheumatoid arthritis.
Bio-activity
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using MC/9-2 mouse mast cells. Thompson-Snipes, L. et al. (1991) J. Exp. Med. 173:507. The ED50 for this effect is 0.0750-0.750 ng/mL. The specific activity of recombinant human IL-10 is >2.50 x 106 units/mg, which is calibrated against the human IL-10 WHO Reference Reagent (NIBSC code: 93/722).
