Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) also known as leuk°Cytic pyrogen, leuk°Cytic endogenous mediator, mononuclear cell factor, lymph°Cyte activating factor and other names, is a member of the interleukin 1 family of cytokines. This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. It has been reported that IL-1β can induced IL-8 production in A549 cells. To test the bioactivity of IL-1β, A549 cells were seeded into 24-well plate at a density of 1x106 cells/mL, and allowed to attach overnight before treated with certain concentrations (0.1ng/mL-1000ng/mL) of IL-1β for 24h and IL-8 levels in the cell supernatant were determined by ELISA. IL-8 levels in the cell supernatant of A549 cells increased significantly after stimulated with IL-1β have shown in Figure1.